Introduction: Growing Fresher Hiring Demand in Software Testing
Software testing is one of the most beginner-friendly careers in the IT industry. Every software product—whether it is a website, mobile app, banking system, or shopping app—must be tested before it is released to users. Because of this, companies regularly hire freshers for testing and QA roles.
Why testing is a good choice for freshers:
- No heavy coding required initially
- Focuses on logic, observation, and understanding user behavior
- Easy to learn with practice
- Strong demand across industries
Most interviews focus on basic testing interview questions for freshers, checking whether you understand fundamentals, simple scenarios, and real-life examples.
This article is written in simple language, step by step, especially for students and fresh graduates.
What Is Software Testing? (Simple Explanation)
Software Testing is the process of checking whether a software application works correctly and as expected.
Simple Example
Imagine a login page:
- User enters username and password
- Clicks Login
- If details are correct → user logs in
- If details are wrong → error message appears
Testing checks:
- Does login work correctly?
- Is the error message shown properly?
- Does the application crash?
Main Goals of Software Testing
- Find bugs before users find them
- Improve software quality
- Ensure a smooth user experience
What Is Manual Testing?
Manual Testing means testing software by hand, without using automation tools.
A manual tester:
- Clicks buttons
- Enters input values
- Checks outputs
- Reports bugs
Example
Entering a wrong password and checking the error message is manual testing.
👉 Freshers usually start their careers with manual testing, so interviews focus heavily on it.
What Is Automation Testing? (For Freshers)
Automation Testing uses tools and scripts to test software automatically.
Simple Explanation
Instead of repeating the same test again and again manually:
- We write a test script once
- Run it multiple times automatically
Example
- Manual: Type username and password every time
- Automation: Script enters values and clicks login
👉 For freshers, interviewers expect basic knowledge only, not advanced coding.
Basic Testing Interview Questions for Freshers (With Answers)
🔹 Basic Testing Questions (1–25)
- What is software testing?
Software testing checks whether an application works as expected. - Why is testing required?
To find bugs and ensure software quality. - What is a bug?
A bug is an error or defect in the software. - What is Quality Assurance (QA)?
QA focuses on preventing defects by improving processes. - What is Quality Control (QC)?
QC focuses on finding defects in the product. - What is manual testing?
Testing software manually without automation tools. - What is automation testing?
Testing software using tools and scripts. - What is a test case?
A set of steps to verify a feature. - What is a test scenario?
A high-level idea of what needs to be tested. - Difference between test case and test scenario?
Test case is detailed; test scenario is brief. - What is verification?
Checking documents like requirements. - What is validation?
Testing the actual software. - What is SDLC?
Software Development Life Cycle. - What is STLC?
Software Testing Life Cycle. - What is black box testing?
Testing without knowing internal code. - What is white box testing?
Testing with knowledge of internal code. - What is functional testing?
Testing features against requirements. - What is non-functional testing?
Testing performance, usability, etc. - What is smoke testing?
Basic testing to check build stability. - What is sanity testing?
Quick testing of a specific functionality. - What is regression testing?
Testing existing features after changes. - What is severity?
How serious a bug is. - What is priority?
How urgently a bug should be fixed. - Difference between severity and priority?
Severity = impact, Priority = urgency. - What is a build?
A version of software given for testing.
🔹 Slightly Advanced Questions (26–50)
- What is a test plan?
A document that explains testing scope and approach. - What is test data?
Input values used during testing. - What is positive testing?
Testing with valid inputs. - What is negative testing?
Testing with invalid inputs. - What is boundary value analysis?
Testing minimum and maximum values. - What is equivalence partitioning?
Dividing inputs into valid and invalid groups. - What is defect life cycle?
The journey of a bug from detection to closure. - What are defect statuses?
New, Open, Fixed, Retest, Closed, Rejected. - What is re-testing?
Testing a fixed bug again. - What is UAT?
User Acceptance Testing by end users. - What is test environment?
Setup where testing is done. - What is exploratory testing?
Testing without predefined test cases. - What is ad-hoc testing?
Informal testing without documentation. - What is defect leakage?
Bug found by users after release. - What is defect density?
Number of bugs in a module. - What is alpha testing?
Testing done internally. - What is beta testing?
Testing done by real users. - What is usability testing?
Testing how user-friendly the app is. - What is compatibility testing?
Testing on different browsers/devices. - What is configuration testing?
Testing in different system setups. - What is test closure?
Final testing summary. - What is defect triage?
Meeting to prioritize bugs. - Difference between retesting and regression testing?
Retesting checks fixed bugs; regression checks old features. - What is release testing?
Final testing before production. - Why choose testing as a career?
Easy entry, strong demand, good growth.
Scenario-Based QA Questions for Beginners
- Login button is not working. What will you do?
- Reproduce the issue
- Compare expected and actual result
- Log a bug
- Application crashes after clicking submit. What is severity?
High severity. - Spelling mistake on homepage. What is priority?
Low priority. - Valid user cannot login. What testing type is this?
Functional testing. - Bug fixed but another feature stops working. What testing is needed?
Regression testing.
Sample Test Cases for Freshers
✅ Login Page Test Cases
| Test Case ID | Scenario | Steps | Expected Result |
| TC01 | Valid login | Enter valid username & password | Login successful |
| TC02 | Invalid login | Enter wrong password | Error message |
| TC03 | Empty fields | Click login without input | Validation message |
✅ Mobile Application Test Case
Scenario: App installation
- App installs successfully
- App icon appears
- App opens without crash
✅ API / UI Simple Test Idea
- API returns correct response
- UI displays correct data
Bug Report Writing Example for Freshers
🐞 Sample Bug Report
Bug ID: BUG_301
Title: Login button not responding
Module: Login
Steps to Reproduce:
- Open application
- Enter valid username and password
- Click Login
Expected Result: User should login successfully
Actual Result: No response
Severity: High
Priority: High
Status: New
Tips to Answer Confidently in Interviews
- Use simple language
- Explain with real-life examples
- Don’t memorize—understand concepts
- Practice writing test cases and bug reports
- Revise basic testing interview questions for freshers daily
Quick Revision Sheet (Last-Minute Preparation)
- Software testing = quality check
- Manual testing = without tools
- Automation testing = using tools
- Test case = steps + expected result
- Bug = expected ≠ actual
- Severity = impact
- Priority = urgency
- Regression = testing after changes
FAQs – Basic Testing Interview Questions for Freshers
Q1. Is testing a good career for freshers?
Yes, it is one of the best entry-level IT roles.
Q2. Do freshers need coding skills for testing?
No, manual testing does not require coding.
Q3. Can freshers move to automation later?
Yes, manual testing is the foundation for automation testing.
Q4. How should freshers prepare for testing interviews?
Understand basics, practice test cases, and revise interview questions daily.