Introduction: Why Software Testing Is a Great Career for Freshers
The demand for software testers is growing rapidly as companies release applications faster than ever. From startups to MNCs, organizations need quality assurance (QA) professionals to ensure software works correctly before reaching users.
For fresh graduates, software testing is one of the easiest IT entry points because:
- No deep coding knowledge is required initially
- Strong logical thinking and attention to detail are enough
- Manual testing roles welcome freshers
- Automation skills can be learned gradually
This article is a complete interview preparation guide for software testing interview questions freshers, written in simple language with examples, scenarios, test cases, and bug report samples.
What Is Software Testing? (Simple Explanation)
Software Testing is the process of checking whether a software application works as expected and is free from defects (bugs).
Why testing is important:
- Ensures quality and reliability
- Prevents business losses
- Improves user experience
- Finds bugs before production
What Is Manual Testing?
Manual Testing means testing software without using automation tools.
Example:
If you open a login page and manually enter username and password to check whether login works, that is manual testing.
Manual Testing Includes:
- Understanding requirements
- Writing test cases
- Executing test cases manually
- Reporting bugs
What Is Automation Testing?
Automation Testing uses tools like Selenium to automatically execute test cases.
Simple Example:
A script automatically logs in 100 times with different usernames instead of doing it manually.
Difference (Easy Table):
| Manual Testing | Automation Testing |
| Done by humans | Done using tools |
| Slow | Fast |
| No coding required | Basic coding needed |
| Best for freshers | Best after experience |
Software Testing Interview Questions Freshers (Basic to Advanced)
1. What is software testing?
Software testing is checking whether software works according to requirements.
2. Why is software testing needed?
To find defects, improve quality, and ensure customer satisfaction.
3. What is a bug?
A bug is an error or defect in software that causes incorrect behavior.
4. What is a test case?
A test case is a set of steps to verify a specific functionality.
5. What is test scenario?
A high-level description of what to test.
6. What is SDLC?
SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) defines phases like requirement, design, development, testing, deployment, maintenance.
7. What is STLC?
STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) explains testing phases such as planning, test case design, execution, and closure.
8. What is verification?
Checking documents without executing code.
9. What is validation?
Testing the actual application.
10. What is black box testing?
Testing without knowing internal code structure.
11. What is white box testing?
Testing with knowledge of code.
12. What is regression testing?
Re-testing after changes to ensure existing functionality works.
13. What is smoke testing?
Basic testing to check whether build is stable.
14. What is sanity testing?
Quick testing of specific functionality after minor changes.
15. What is functional testing?
Testing application features against requirements.
16. What is non-functional testing?
Testing performance, security, usability, etc.
17. What is UAT?
User Acceptance Testing done by end users.
18. What is severity?
Impact of a bug on the system.
19. What is priority?
Urgency of fixing a bug.
20. Difference between severity and priority?
Severity = impact, Priority = urgency.
Slightly Advanced Fresher QA Interview Q&A
21. What is test plan?
A document describing testing strategy, scope, resources, and schedule.
22. What is exploratory testing?
Testing without test cases to find hidden defects.
23. What is boundary value analysis?
Testing values at boundaries (min, max).
24. What is equivalence partitioning?
Dividing inputs into valid and invalid groups.
25. What is defect life cycle?
Bug goes through stages: New → Assigned → Fixed → Retest → Closed.
26. What is positive testing?
Testing with valid inputs.
27. What is negative testing?
Testing with invalid inputs.
28. What is retesting?
Testing the same bug after fix.
29. What is test environment?
Hardware and software setup for testing.
30. What is release testing?
Final testing before production release.
Scenario-Based Software Testing Interview Questions Freshers
31. How will you test a login page?
- Enter valid credentials
- Enter invalid credentials
- Leave fields blank
- Check error messages
- Verify password masking
32. What will you do if developer says “bug is not reproducible”?
- Share steps
- Attach screenshots
- Try again in same environment
- Explain expected vs actual result
33. How will you test a mobile app?
- Check installation
- Verify UI on different screens
- Test network behavior
- Check battery usage
34. What if requirements are unclear?
- Ask questions
- Discuss with BA or lead
- Create assumptions and confirm
Sample Test Cases for Freshers
Login Test Case
| Test Case ID | Description | Steps | Expected Result |
| TC_01 | Valid login | Enter valid username/password | Login successful |
| TC_02 | Invalid password | Enter wrong password | Error message shown |
| TC_03 | Blank fields | Click login without input | Validation message |
Mobile App Test Case
| Scenario | Expected Result |
| App install | App installs successfully |
| App launch | App opens without crash |
| Rotate screen | UI adjusts properly |
API Test Case (Beginner)
| Scenario | Expected Result |
| Valid request | Status code 200 |
| Invalid request | Status code 400 |
| Unauthorized | Status code 401 |
Bug Report Writing Example for Freshers
Sample Bug Report Format
- Bug ID: BUG_101
- Title: Login button not working
- Module: Login
- Environment: Chrome / Windows
- Severity: High
- Priority: High
- Steps to Reproduce:
- Open login page
- Enter valid credentials
- Click Login
- Open login page
- Expected Result: User should login
- Actual Result: Nothing happens
Tips to Answer Confidently in Software Testing Interviews
- Speak clearly and simply
- Give real-life examples
- Admit honestly if you don’t know
- Explain your thinking process
- Revise basics before interview
Quick Revision Sheet (For Last-Minute Prep)
- Testing = finding defects
- Manual testing is best for freshers
- Test case = steps + expected result
- Bug = actual ≠ expected
- Severity = impact
- Priority = urgency
- Regression = re-testing after change
FAQs – Software Testing Interview Questions Freshers
Q1. Is software testing good for freshers?
Yes, it’s one of the best IT entry roles.
Q2. Do testers need coding?
Manual testers do not need coding initially.
Q3. Can freshers learn automation?
Yes, after manual testing basics.
Q4. Is testing a long-term career?
Yes, with roles like QA Lead, Automation Engineer.