Introduction: Growing Fresher Hiring Demand in Testing
In today’s IT industry, Java is one of the most commonly used programming languages for software testing, especially in automation testing roles. Many companies hiring testing freshers expect at least basic Java knowledge, even for manual testing roles that later transition into automation.
The good news is—you do not need deep Java expertise to clear testing interviews. Interviewers mainly focus on:
- Understanding Java basics
- Knowing how Java supports testing and automation
- Ability to explain concepts simply
That’s why preparing the right java interview questions for testing freshers is extremely important.
This article is written especially for beginners, using simple language, step-by-step explanations, real examples, test scenarios, and bug report samples.
What Is Software, Manual, and Automation Testing? (Simple Explanation)
What Is Software Testing?
Software testing is the process of checking whether an application works as expected and is free from errors.
Example:
If a login feature allows access with a wrong password, testing helps identify and fix this issue.
What Is Manual Testing?
Manual testing means testing software without writing any code.
Examples:
- Checking login pages manually
- Verifying buttons and links
- Checking error messages
Manual testing is the starting point for most testing freshers.
What Is Automation Testing?
Automation testing uses code (often Java) and tools to test software automatically.
Simple Example:
Instead of manually logging in 100 times, a Java program does it automatically using a tool.
For testing freshers, basic Java knowledge is enough.
Why Java Is Important for Testing Freshers
Java is widely used because:
- Most automation tools support Java
- Easy to learn and read
- Strong community support
Even manual testers are often asked basic Java interview questions.
Java Interview Questions for Testing Freshers (With Answers)
Below are 90+ java interview questions for testing freshers, starting from very basic to slightly advanced.
Very Basic Java Interview Questions for Freshers
1. What is Java?
Java is an object-oriented programming language used to build applications and automation scripts.
2. Is Java platform independent?
Yes. Java code runs on any system with JVM.
3. What is JVM?
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) runs Java programs.
4. What is JDK?
JDK is used to develop Java programs.
5. What is JRE?
JRE provides the environment to run Java programs.
Java Basics for Testing Freshers
6. What is a variable?
A variable stores a value.
Example:
int age = 25;
7. What are data types?
Data types define the type of value stored.
Examples:
- int
- double
- char
- boolean
8. What is a class?
A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
9. What is an object?
An object is an instance of a class.
10. What is a method?
A method is a block of code that performs an action.
Java Control Statements (Important for Automation)
11. What is if-else?
Used to make decisions.
12. What is a loop?
Used to repeat code.
13. Types of loops?
- for loop
- while loop
- do-while loop
14. What is switch case?
Used to select execution paths.
15. Why loops are important in testing?
They help repeat test steps automatically.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) – Simple Explanation
16. What is OOP?
OOP is a programming style based on objects.
17. What is encapsulation?
Wrapping data and methods together.
18. What is inheritance?
One class acquiring another class’s properties.
19. What is polymorphism?
One method behaving differently.
20. What is abstraction?
Hiding unnecessary details.
Java Interview Questions Related to Testing
21. Why Java is used in automation testing?
Because it is reliable and widely supported.
22. What is Selenium?
A tool that uses Java for automation testing.
23. What is TestNG?
A testing framework used with Java.
24. What is assertion?
Used to verify expected results.
25. Difference between manual and automation testing?
Automation uses Java code; manual does not.
Exception Handling (Beginner Level)
26. What is an exception?
An error that occurs during program execution.
27. What is try-catch?
Used to handle exceptions.
28. Why exception handling is important?
To prevent test failures.
29. What is finally?
Always executes whether exception occurs or not.
30. What is error vs exception?
Errors are serious; exceptions can be handled.
Collections Basics (For Freshers)
31. What is a collection?
A group of objects.
32. Why collections are used?
To store multiple values.
33. What is List?
Stores ordered data.
34. What is Set?
Stores unique values.
35. What is Map?
Stores key-value pairs.
Scenario-Based QA Questions for Java Freshers
36. How does Java help in automation testing?
It automates repetitive test cases.
37. How do you validate login using Java?
By writing code to compare expected and actual result.
38. What if a Java script fails?
Check logs and debug.
39. How do you repeat test cases?
Using loops.
40. How do you handle errors?
Using exception handling.
Sample Test Cases for Freshers
Login Test Case Example
| Field | Details |
| Test Case ID | TC_Login_01 |
| Scenario | Verify login with valid credentials |
| Steps | Enter username → Enter password → Click Login |
| Expected Result | Login successful |
| Status | Pass |
Mobile App Test Case Example
Scenario: Verify mobile app launch
- Install app
- Launch app
- Verify home screen
API Test Case Example
Scenario: Verify login API
- Send request
- Check response code
- Validate response message
UI Test Case Example
Scenario: Verify button click
- Check visibility
- Click button
- Verify navigation
Bug Report Writing Examples for Freshers
Sample Bug Report
Bug ID: JAVA_101
Title: Login automation fails for valid credentials
Environment: Chrome, Windows
Steps to Reproduce:
- Run Java automation script
- Enter valid login details
Expected Result: Login successful
Actual Result: Error message shown
Severity: High
Status: New
Tips to Answer Java Interview Questions Confidently
- Explain concepts in simple terms
- Use examples instead of definitions
- Focus on basics
- Don’t pretend to know everything
- Relate Java to testing scenarios
Interviewers value clarity more than syntax perfection.
Quick Revision Sheet (One-Glance Summary)
- Java is used in automation testing
- Variables store values
- Loops repeat test steps
- OOP concepts are important
- Exception handling prevents failures
FAQs – Java Interview Questions for Testing Freshers
Q1. Is Java mandatory for testing freshers?
Basic Java knowledge is recommended, not mandatory.
Q2. How much Java is required?
Only basics and logic.
Q3. Can manual testers learn Java?
Yes, easily.
Q4. Is Java difficult for freshers?
No, it is beginner-friendly.
Q5. Should I learn Java before Selenium?
Yes, basic Java helps.