Introduction: Growing Fresher Hiring Demand in Software Testing
Software testing has become one of the most preferred entry-level IT careers for freshers. Every application—banking apps, e-commerce websites, mobile apps, healthcare systems—needs testing before it reaches users. Because of this, companies continuously hire fresh graduates for QA and testing roles.
Why software testing is ideal for freshers:
- No heavy coding required at the start
- Focus on logic, understanding, and observation
- Strong demand across industries
- Easy transition later into automation, API, or performance testing
That’s why interviewers focus on software testing interview questions for freshers with answers that check basic concepts, clarity, and practical thinking, not advanced tools.
This article is written step by step, in simple language, especially for beginners and fresh graduates.
What Is Software Testing? (Simple Explanation)
Software Testing is the process of checking whether a software application works correctly and as expected.
Simple Example
Think of a login page:
- User enters username and password
- Clicks Login
- If credentials are correct → login successful
- If wrong → error message displayed
Testing checks:
- Does login work correctly?
- Is the error message clear?
- Does the app crash?
Main goals of testing:
- Find bugs
- Improve software quality
- Ensure user satisfaction
What Is Manual Testing?
Manual Testing means testing software by hand, without using automation tools.
A manual tester:
- Clicks buttons
- Enters input values
- Checks outputs
- Reports bugs
Example
Entering an incorrect password and checking the error message is manual testing.
👉 Most freshers start their career with manual testing, so interviews focus heavily on it.
What Is Automation Testing? (For Freshers)
Automation Testing uses tools and scripts to test software automatically.
Simple explanation
Instead of testing the same feature again and again manually:
- We write a test script once
- Run it multiple times
Example
- Manual: Type username/password every time
- Automation: Script does it automatically
👉 Freshers are expected to know basic automation concepts, not advanced coding.
Software Testing Interview Questions for Freshers with Answers
🔹 Basic Software Testing Questions (1–25)
- What is software testing?
Software testing is checking whether an application works as expected. - Why is testing required?
To find bugs and ensure software quality. - What is a bug?
A bug is an error or defect in the software. - What is Quality Assurance (QA)?
QA focuses on preventing defects by improving processes. - What is Quality Control (QC)?
QC focuses on finding defects in the product. - What is manual testing?
Testing software manually without automation tools. - What is automation testing?
Testing software using tools and scripts. - What is a test case?
A document with steps to verify a feature. - What is a test scenario?
A high-level idea of what to test. - Difference between test case and test scenario?
Test scenario is brief; test case is detailed. - What is verification?
Checking documents like requirements. - What is validation?
Testing the actual software. - What is SDLC?
Software Development Life Cycle. - What is STLC?
Software Testing Life Cycle. - What is black box testing?
Testing without knowing internal code. - What is white box testing?
Testing with knowledge of internal code. - What is functional testing?
Testing features against requirements. - What is non-functional testing?
Testing performance, usability, security, etc. - What is smoke testing?
Basic testing to check build stability. - What is sanity testing?
Quick testing of a specific functionality. - What is regression testing?
Ensuring existing features work after changes. - What is severity?
How serious a bug is. - What is priority?
How urgently a bug should be fixed. - Difference between severity and priority?
Severity = impact, Priority = urgency. - What is a build?
A version of software given for testing.
🔹 Slightly Advanced Testing Questions (26–50)
- What is a test plan?
A document describing testing scope and approach. - What is test data?
Input values used for testing. - What is positive testing?
Testing with valid inputs. - What is negative testing?
Testing with invalid inputs. - What is boundary value analysis?
Testing minimum and maximum values. - What is equivalence partitioning?
Dividing input data into valid and invalid groups. - What is defect life cycle?
The journey of a bug from detection to closure. - What are defect statuses?
New, Open, Fixed, Retest, Closed, Rejected. - What is re-testing?
Testing a fixed bug again. - What is UAT?
User Acceptance Testing by end users. - What is test environment?
Setup where testing is performed. - What is exploratory testing?
Testing without predefined test cases. - What is ad-hoc testing?
Informal testing without documentation. - What is defect leakage?
Bug found by users after release. - What is defect density?
Number of bugs per module. - What is alpha testing?
Testing done internally. - What is beta testing?
Testing done by real users. - What is usability testing?
Testing how user-friendly the application is. - What is compatibility testing?
Testing on different browsers or devices. - What is configuration testing?
Testing in different system setups. - What is test closure?
Final testing summary report. - What is defect triage?
Meeting to review and prioritize bugs. - Difference between retesting and regression testing?
Retesting checks fixed bugs; regression checks old features. - What is release testing?
Final testing before production release. - Why choose software testing as a career?
Easy entry, strong demand, good growth.
Scenario-Based QA Questions for Beginners
- Login button is not working. What will you do?
- Reproduce the issue
- Compare expected vs actual result
- Log a bug
- Application crashes after clicking submit. What is the severity?
High severity. - Spelling mistake on homepage. What is the priority?
Low priority. - Valid user cannot login. What testing type is this?
Functional testing. - Bug fixed but another feature stops working. What testing is needed?
Regression testing.
Sample Test Cases for Freshers
✅ Login Page Test Cases
| Test Case ID | Scenario | Steps | Expected Result |
| TC01 | Valid login | Enter valid username & password | Login successful |
| TC02 | Invalid login | Enter wrong password | Error message |
| TC03 | Empty fields | Click login without input | Validation message |
✅ Mobile Application Test Case
Scenario: App installation
- App installs successfully
- App icon appears
- App opens without crash
✅ API / UI Simple Test Idea
- API returns correct response
- UI displays correct data
Bug Report Writing Example for Freshers
🐞 Sample Bug Report
Bug ID: BUG_101
Title: Login button not responding
Module: Login
Steps to Reproduce:
- Open application
- Enter valid username and password
- Click Login
Expected Result: User should login successfully
Actual Result: No response
Severity: High
Priority: High
Status: New
Tips to Answer Confidently in Interviews
- Use simple and clear language
- Explain answers with real-life examples
- Don’t memorize—understand concepts
- Practice writing test cases and bug reports
- Revise software testing interview questions for freshers with answers regularly
Quick Revision Sheet (Last-Minute Preparation)
- Software testing = quality check
- Manual testing = without tools
- Automation testing = using tools
- Test case = steps + expected result
- Bug = expected ≠ actual
- Severity = impact
- Priority = urgency
- Regression = testing after changes
FAQs – Software Testing Interview Questions for Freshers with Answers
Q1. Is software testing good for freshers?
Yes, it is one of the best entry-level IT roles.
Q2. Do freshers need coding skills for testing?
No, manual testing does not require coding.
Q3. Can freshers move to automation testing later?
Yes, manual testing is the foundation for automation.
Q4. How should freshers prepare for testing interviews?
Understand basics, practice test cases, and revise interview questions daily.