Introduction: Growing Hiring Demand for Freshers in Software Testing
Software testing is one of the most in-demand entry-level IT roles today. With companies releasing websites, mobile apps, and APIs frequently, quality assurance (QA) has become critical. As a result, many organizations actively hire freshers for manual testing and junior QA positions.
Why testing is ideal for freshers:
- No advanced coding required at the start
- Focuses on logic, observation, and understanding
- Easy transition from manual to automation testing
- Clear career growth (QA → Automation → Lead)
This article on testing interview questions and answers for freshers is written in simple language, with step-by-step explanations, examples, test cases, and bug report samples to help you crack your first testing interview.
What Is Software Testing? (Simple Explanation)
Software testing is the process of checking whether a software application works as expected and meets user requirements.
In simple words:
Testing ensures the software does the right thing and does not break.
Why software testing is important:
- Finds bugs early
- Improves software quality
- Saves time and money
- Builds user trust
What Is Manual Testing?
Manual testing means testing software by hand, without using automation tools.
Simple example:
- Open a website
- Enter username and password
- Click Login
- Check if login is successful
This is manual testing.
Why manual testing is best for freshers:
- Easy to learn
- No programming knowledge needed
- Helps understand application flow
- Strong foundation for automation testing
What Is Automation Testing?
Automation testing uses tools and scripts to execute test cases automatically.
Simple example:
Instead of logging in manually many times, an automation script performs login with different test data.
Manual vs Automation Testing (Easy Table)
| Manual Testing | Automation Testing |
| Performed by humans | Performed by tools |
| Slower | Faster |
| No coding needed | Basic coding required |
| Best for beginners | Best after basics |
Testing Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers (Basic Level)
1. What is software testing?
Software testing is the process of checking whether software works correctly.
2. Why is testing required?
To find defects, improve quality, and ensure customer satisfaction.
3. What is a bug?
A bug is an error or mistake in the software.
4. What is a defect?
Defect is another name for a bug.
5. What is a test case?
A test case is a document containing steps to test a feature.
6. What is a test scenario?
A test scenario describes what to test, not detailed steps.
7. What is SDLC?
SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle.
8. What is STLC?
STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle.
9. What is verification?
Checking documents without running the application.
10. What is validation?
Testing the actual software.
11. What is black box testing?
Testing without knowing internal code.
12. What is white box testing?
Testing with knowledge of code.
13. What is functional testing?
Testing application features based on requirements.
14. What is non-functional testing?
Testing performance, security, usability, etc.
15. What is regression testing?
Re-testing after changes to ensure existing functionality works.
Slightly Advanced Fresher QA Interview Q&A
16. What is smoke testing?
Basic testing to check if the build is stable.
17. What is sanity testing?
Quick testing of specific functionality after small changes.
18. What is exploratory testing?
Testing without predefined test cases.
19. What is positive testing?
Testing with valid input.
20. What is negative testing?
Testing with invalid input.
21. What is severity?
Severity shows how serious a bug is.
22. What is priority?
Priority shows how urgently a bug should be fixed.
23. Difference between severity and priority?
Severity = impact, Priority = urgency.
24. What is UAT?
User Acceptance Testing done by end users.
25. What is test environment?
The setup where testing is performed.
26. What is retesting?
Testing the same bug after it is fixed.
27. What is defect life cycle?
The journey of a bug from creation to closure.
28. What is boundary value analysis?
Testing values at minimum and maximum limits.
29. What is equivalence partitioning?
Dividing inputs into valid and invalid groups.
30. What is release testing?
Final testing before production release.
Scenario-Based QA Interview Questions for Beginners
31. How will you test a login page?
- Enter valid username and password
- Enter invalid username or password
- Leave fields blank
- Check error messages
- Verify password masking
32. What will you do if a developer rejects your bug?
- Recheck the issue
- Provide clear steps
- Attach screenshots
- Explain expected vs actual result
33. How will you test a mobile application?
- App installation
- App launch
- Screen rotation
- Network changes
- App background and foreground
34. What if requirements are unclear?
- Ask questions
- Discuss with senior tester or BA
- Document assumptions
Sample Test Cases for Freshers
Login Test Case Example
| Test Case ID | Description | Steps | Expected Result |
| TC_01 | Valid login | Enter valid credentials | Login successful |
| TC_02 | Invalid login | Enter wrong password | Error message |
| TC_03 | Blank fields | Click login without input | Validation message |
Mobile App Test Case Example
| Scenario | Expected Result |
| Install app | App installs successfully |
| Launch app | App opens without crash |
| Rotate screen | UI adjusts properly |
API Test Case (Beginner Level)
| Scenario | Expected Result |
| Valid request | Status code 200 |
| Invalid request | Status code 400 |
| Unauthorized | Status code 401 |
UI Test Case Example
| Scenario | Expected Result |
| Button click | Correct action performed |
| Text alignment | Proper alignment |
| Responsive design | Works on all screen sizes |
Bug Report Writing Example for Freshers
Sample Bug Report Format
- Bug ID: BUG_301
- Title: Login button not responding
- Module: Login
- Environment: Chrome / Windows
- Severity: High
- Priority: High
Steps to Reproduce:
- Open login page
- Enter valid credentials
- Click Login
Expected Result: User should login successfully
Actual Result: Page does not respond
Tips to Answer Confidently in Testing Interviews
- Understand basics clearly
- Answer in simple language
- Give real-life examples
- Don’t panic if you don’t know
- Revise definitions before interview
Quick Revision Sheet (Last-Minute Preparation)
- Testing ensures quality
- Manual testing is best for freshers
- Test case = steps + expected result
- Bug = expected result ≠ actual result
- Severity = impact
- Priority = urgency
- Regression = re-testing after changes
FAQs – Testing Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers
Q1. Is software testing good for freshers?
Yes, it is one of the easiest IT roles to start a career.
Q2. Do freshers need coding knowledge?
Manual testing does not require coding.
Q3. Can freshers move to automation testing?
Yes, after learning manual testing basics.
Q4. Is testing a long-term career?
Yes, with growth into automation, lead, and QA manager roles.