import java.util.Scanner;
class TransposeAMatrix {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int m, n, c, d;
// Create scanner object to take input
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
// Taking number of rows and columns as input
System.out.println("Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix");
m = in.nextInt();
n = in.nextInt();
// Declare the matrix
int matrix[][] = new int[m][n];
// Taking elements of matrix as input
System.out.println("Enter the elements of matrix");
for (c = 0; c < m; c++) {
for (d = 0; d < n; d++) {
matrix[c][d] = in.nextInt();
}
}
// Declare the transpose matrix
int transpose[][] = new int[n][m];
// Calculate the transpose of the matrix
for (c = 0; c < m; c++) {
for (d = 0; d < n; d++) {
transpose[d][c] = matrix[c][d];
}
}
// Display the transpose of the matrix
System.out.println("Transpose of entered matrix:");
for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
for (d = 0; d < m; d++) {
System.out.print(transpose[c][d] + "\t");
}
System.out.print("\n");
}
// Close the scanner to prevent resource leak
in.close();
}
}Step-by-Step Breakdown
1. Importing the Scanner Class:
import java.util.Scanner;
This imports the Scanner class to accept user input from the console.
2. Class and Main Method:
class TransposeAMatrix
{
public static void main(String args[])
The program has been encapsulated in the TransposeAMatrix class.
The execution of the program starts from the main () method.
3. Variable Declaration:
int m, n, c, d;
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
- The variable declarations for m and n describe the number of rows and columns of the matrix.
- c and d are used as loop variables during the traversal of a matrix.
- Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); it is a Scanner object which takes the input of values.
4. Input Matrix Dimensions
System.out.println(“Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix”);
m = in.nextInt();
n = in.nextInt();
Ask the user for row length, columns, etc: Number of columns(m), m.
5. Input Matrix Elements:
int matrix[][] = new int[m][n];
System.out.println(“Enter the elements of matrix”);
for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
{
for (d = 0; d < n; d++)
{
matrix[c][d] = in.nextInt();
}
}
- Declare a 2D array matrix[][] to hold the elements of the matrix. The dimensions of the matrix are m-by-n elements.
- The elements of the matrix would be requested from the user using nested for loops, that are stored in the array matrix.
6. Transpose of the Matrix:
int transpose[][] = new int[n][m];
for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
{
for (d = 0; d < n; d++)
transpose[d][c] = matrix[c][d];
}
- A new 2D array transpose[][] is declared of size n x m, where the columns of the original matrix are turned into rows of the transposed matrix, and vice versa.
- The nested for loops fill the transpose[][] matrix:
- The value at matrix[c][d] is assigned to transpose[d][c]. This will swap the rows and columns, meaning the matrix has been transposed.
7. Print Transpose Matrix:
System.out.println(“Transpose of entered matrix:-“);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
{
for (d = 0; d < m; d++)
System.out.print(transpose[c][d] + “t”);
System.out.print(” “);
}
The program that prints the transpose matrix.
- The outer loop (c) loops over the rows of the transposed matrix.
- The inner loop (d) iterates over the columns of the transposed matrix.
- Each element of the transposed matrix is displayed with a tab space for better readability and a new line after each row.
Sample Input and Output:
Input 1:
Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix
2 3
Enter the elements of matrix
1 2 3
4 5 6
The given matrix is:
1 2 3
4 5 6
Transpose of the matrix is obtained by interchanging rows with columns:
1 4
2 5
3 6
Input 2:
Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix
3 2
Enter the elements of matrix
1 2
3 4
5 6
Output:
Transpose of input matrix:-
1 3 5
2 4 6
Explanation:
Original matrix is:
1 2
3 4
5 6
Transpose of the matrix is:
1 3 5
2 4 6